Publications

L.Raymond & Associates
A Professional Consultant Corporation
P.O. Box 10239, Newport Beach, CA 92658
Phone: (949) 474-7728 • DrR@LouRaymond.com
www.LouRaymond.com

Publications
Dr. Raymond has, in his professional life time, generated and contributed to over 1,000 publications: comprising books, refereed journal articles, and trade journal articles.

All of Dr. Raymond's publications are archived through their respective publishers; or if unavailable, soon to be retrievable from our archives, which are located below. Questions about these articles and Fast Facts, or requests for written copies of these and other of Dr. Raymond's publications, can be submitted from our contact form below. Simply submit your request form on this website, directing your request to "Publications" and referring to the archive number as listed below.

Publications Archive
Archived publications are numbered arbitrarily in bold

Unpublished / Working Papers

(001) Process Management to Control the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement
(002) A Strain Energy Density Model to Quantify Slow Strain Rate, Smooth Bar Stress Corrosion Tensile Test in Terms of KIH
(003) Fracture Analysis Evaluation of 3 Modifications of 718 Inconel Strip
(004) Test for Hydrogen Embrittlement
(009) Fatigue and Fracture Toughness Requirements of Material in Bridge Design
(011) Fastener Integrity - Testing and Analyses Overview; Task Group E08.04.07 Workshop

Trade Journal Articles

Fracture

(005) Second Tewksbury Symposium held by the Faculty of Engineering University of Melbourne

ASTM Standardization News

(006) Plating Processes and Maintenance Chemicals in the Aerospace and Aircraft Industry, Hydrogen Embrittlement Control (Dec '85)
(013) The Many Faces of Hydrogen Embrittlement (Oct '96)
(015) The Enemy Within: Hydrogen Embrittlement (Mar '99)

American Fastener Journal

(012) Preventing Hydrogen Embrittlement Failures in Automotive Stampings Through Microstructural Control and the Selection of Coatings (Jun '03)
(016) Plating or Coating Processes can be Monitored for Control of Hydrogen Embrittlement (Apr/May '98)
(019) Quantitative Approach for Testing the Plating Process (Jan/Feb '96)
(021) Salvaging Plated Fasteners (Nov/Dec '95)
(023) We Need to Standardize our Standards Sep/Oct '95)
(025) Why Externally Threaded Fasteners Fail by Hydrogen Embrittlement (Jan/Feb '95)
(026) Test Methods for Hydrogen Embrittlement of Fasteners: Meaning and Use (May/Jun '94)
(027) Use of a Hard Plate in Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of Fasteners is not Everything It's Cracked Up to Be (Mar/Apr '94)
(028) Designing Fasteners to Withstand Service Conditions (Jan/Feb '94)
(029) Even Stainless Steel Pins Can Corrode (Jul/Aug '93)
(031) Hydrogen Embrittlement of Fasteners: Problems and Solutions (May/Jun '93)
(032) Fasteners for Marine Applications (May/Jun '92)
(034) Infinite Life Design of Tensile Fasteners (Mar/Apr '92)
(036) Fastener System Analysis (Jan/Feb '02)
(037) Installation Torque and Fatigue Performance of Threaded Fasteners: Last of a Series: Failure Analysis of Bolts From 400kw Chassis Assembly (Sep/Oct '91)
(038) Installation Torque and Fatigue Performance of Threaded Fasteners: Part Four of a Series" Fracture Mechanics Evaluation of Fatigue Performance (Jul/Aug '91)
(039) Installation Torque and Fatigue Performance of Threaded Fasteners: Part Two of a Series Load Distribution of a Fastener Assembly ((Mar/Apr '91)
(040) Installation Torque and Fatigue Performance of Threaded Fasteners: Part Three of a Series Effect of Load Distribution on Fatigue Performance (May/Jun '91)
(041) Installation Torque and Fatigue Performance of Threaded Fasteners: Part One of a Series Fastener and Assembly Interaction (Jan/Feb '91)
(043) Baking Time for Cadmium Plated Fasteners? The Perpetual Question (Nov/Dec '90)
(044) Fracture Mechanics Applied to Tensile Fasteners: Last in a Five Part Series Hydrogen Embrittlement (Sep/Oct '90)
(046) Fracture Mechanics Applied to Tensile Fasteners: Part Four Test Methods (May '89)
(047) Fracture Mechanics Applied to Tensile Fasteners: Part Three Environmental Effects (May/Jun '90)
(048) Fracture Mechanics Applied to Tensile Fasteners: Part Two Material Selection (Jan/Feb '90)
(049) Fracture Mechanics Applied to Tensile Fasteners: Part One Failure Mode (Oct/Nov '89)
(050) Fastener Coating Torque Tension Effects (Aug/Sep '89)
(051) Failure Analysis of Fasteners Involving Hydrogen Embrittlement (Jun/Jul '89)
(112) Structural Integrity of Aerospace Fasteners (Jul/Aug '11)
(113) Material Selection Process for Aerospace Fasteners (Sept/Oct '11)
(114) Environmental Effects of Aerospace Fasteners (Nov/Dec '11)
(115) Fastener & Assembly Interaction (Jan/Feb '12)
(116) Dr. Raymond: A Man and His Mission (Mar/Apr '12)
(117) Load Distribution in a Fastener Assembly (May/Jun '12)
(118) Effect of Load Distribution on Fatigue Performance (Jul/Aug '12)

Fastening

(018) We Need to Standardize our Standards (Sep '97)
(020) Hydrogen Embrittlement of Fasteners: Problems and Solutions (Jun '95)
(024) Failure Analysis of MP35N Locknuts (Sep '95)

Corrosion

(042) Investigation of the Conditions for Crack Propagation and Arrest Under Cathodic Polarization Rising Step Load Bend Testing (Feb '91)
(056) Small Specimen Corrosion Testing Techniques for Failure Analysis (Mar '86)

Other

(052) Fracture Toughness of Thin-Walled Cylinders Fabricated from Discontinuous Silicon Carbide Whiskers/Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites; Testing Technology of Metal Matrix Composites (Nov '89)
(053) Hydrogen Embrittlement Test Methods: Current Status and Projections; Hydrogen Embrittlement Prevention and Control ((May '85)
(055) Safe Life Evaluation of Nuclear Pumps Combining Fracture Mechanics with Associated NDE; J. Materials Engineering ('87)
(062) Metal Progress Datasheet: Nomogram for Determining ASTM Grain Size; Metals Progress (Nov '84)
(072) The Role of Acoustic Emissions in Metal Matrix Composites; 49er Engineer (spring '81)
(079) Failure in High Strength Bolts; Machine Design (May '78)

Papers and Proceedings

(007) Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of High Strength ESR 4340 Steel Alloys for Ballistically Resistant/Tolerant Components: Proceedings of the 1987 Tri-Service Conference on Corrosion (May '87)
(008) Estimating the Residual Stress in Fine Wire Used for Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Stents: The 20th Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials (Sept '94)
(010) The Impact of Hydrogen Embrittlement Standards ASTM F519 and ASTM F1624: ASTM 100 Anniversary "Impact Standards" Paper Contest (May '98)
(022) Incompatibility of Bio-Degradable Dye Penetrant P6F-4 with Waspalloy: Tri-Service Conference on Corrosion (May '92); (035) Accelerated Stress Corrosion Test Method for HY 130 Welds: Proceedings of the 9th Internaval Corrosion Conference (Apr '92)
(045) Microstructural Considerations for Accelerated Screening Test in Hydrogen Environments: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Hydrogen-Material Interactions (May '89)
(057) Corrosion Prevention and Control: Panel Discussion of Life Cycle Strategies Accelerated Testing; Proceedings of the 33rd Sagamore Conference (Jul/Aug '86)
(058) Effects of Alloying Elements and Heat Treatment of Type 4340 ESR High-Strength Steels on Hydrogen Embrittlement; Proceedings of the Tri-service Conference on Corrosion (Dec '85)
(059) Fractographic Estimation of Damage Tolerance Index; Proceedings of the International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (Oct ' 85)
(060) Development and Use of a Modular, Subsize Specimen Test Procedure for HEM and SCC Failure Analysis; Proceedings of the International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (Oct ' 85)
(063) Small Specimen Fatigue and Fracture Toughness Tests for Safe Design Practice in the Construction of Steel Bridges; Proceedings of the Fourth International conference on Mechanical Behavior of Metals (Aug '83)
(064) An Assessment of 4340 ESR/VAR for Balistically Tolerant Hydraulic Actuators; JTCG/AS Conference on Design of Armor Systems and Technology R&D Subgroup Meeting (Apr '83)
(065) Accelerated, Low-Cost Test Method for Measuring the Susceptibility of HY-Steels to Hydrogen Embrittlement; Current Solutions to Hydrogen Problems in Steel (Nov '82)
(066) A Complete, Accelerated, Low-Cost Materials Analysis Systems Approach for A/C Survivability; JCTG/AS Conference on Design of Armor Systems and Technology R&D Subgroup Meeting
(067) Microcomputer Used for Instrumental Impact Testing; Proceedings ISTFA International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (Oct '82)
(068) Miniaturization of Fracture Mechanics Testing for Failure Analysis; Proceedings ISTFA International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (Oct '82)
(069) Evaluation of the Relative Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of ESR/VAR 4340 Steel; Proceedings of the Army Symposium on Solid Mechanics, Critical Mechanics Problems in Systems Designs (Sep '82)
(070) Accelerated Klscc/Kic Testing; Proceedings of the Army Symposium on Solid Mechanics, Critical Mechanics Problems in Systems Designs (Sep '82)
(071) Screening Tests for Hydrogen Embrittlement; Proceedings of ISTFA International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (Oct '81)
(073) Establishing Toughness Requirements for Low- and Intermediate-Strength Steels in Weapons Systems; National Materials Advisory Board Commission on Sociotechnical Systems National Research Council ('81)
(074) Ultrasonic and X-ray Radiographic Inspection and Characterization of Defects in Gr/Al Composites; Mechanics of Non-Destructive Testing (Sep '80)
(075) Review of and Future Trends in Nondestructive Evaluation of Metal Matrix Composites; Proceedings of the 4th Annual conference on Composites and Advanced Materials (Jan '80)
(076) Thermal Embrittlement in a Mn-Ni-Al Bronze Casting Alloy; AFS Transactions ('80)
(077) Charpy V-notched Specimens for Indexing Stress Corrosion Cracking in HY-Ship Steels and Weld Metals; prepared for Naval Sea Systems Command Washington DC (Jun '79)
(078) Heat Treatment and Weld Repair of Cast Mn-Ni-Al Bronze Propeller Blades; AFS Transactions ('79)
(080) Casting Dispersion-Strengthened Composites at Zero-G; Space Processing Applications Rocket Project SPAR-II Final Report (Dec '76)
(081) Verification of Structural Integrity of Existing Offshore Structures-Program Plan, Aerospace Corp. ('76)
(082) Rapid Inexpensive Test for Determining Fracture Toughness; National Materials Advisory Board Commission on Sociotechnical Systems ('76)

Book Contributions

(014) Accelerated Small Specimen Test Methods for Measuring the Fatigue Strength in the Failure Analysis of Fasteners; ASTM Structural Integrity of Fasteners
(017) The Susceptibility of Fasteners to Hydrogen Embrittlement and Stress Corrosion Cracking; Handbook of Bolts and Bolted Joints ('98)
(054) Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement: Metals Handbook Ninth Edition (Sep '87)
(061) Test for Hydrogen Embrittlement; Metals Handbook Ninth edition (Sept 85)

Fast Facts

(FF001) FF #1 Fastener Failure Analysis
SEM Photographic "Fingerprints" Identify "Cause" of Failure
(FF002) FF #2 Russian Made Fastener
SEM X-ray "Fingerprints" Identify the Coating on Fastener
(FF003) FF #3 Fastener Failure Analysis
X-ray Microprobe with SEM Identifies the Cause of Stress Corrosion Failure in Bolt
(FF004) FF #4 Fastener Failure Analysis
Failure Modes Typically Found in SAE Grade 5 Bolts
(FF005) FF #5 Fastener Failure Analysis
SEM "Fingerprint" Identifies Fatigue Failure in Grade 8 Bolt
(FF006) FF #6 Fastener Failure Analysis
Mil STD 1312-5A Inadequate to Identify Potential of Hydrogen Embrittlement Failure
(FF007) FF #7 Fastener Failure Analysis
IFI-113 Did Not Identify Potential of Hydrogen Embrittlement Failure in Pan-Head Fasteners
(FF008) FF #8 Fastener Failure Analysis
Requirement for baking of Zinc Plated Grade 8 Bolts
(FF009) FF #9 Selection of Maximum Installation Torque Based on KIscc Test Results of Plated Fasteners
(FF010) FF #10 Fastener Design
Altering Thread Profile to Minimize Stress Concentration
(FF011) FF #11 Fastener Failure Analysis
"Free Machining" Grade Type 410
(FF012) FF #12 Fastener Failure Analysis
Intergranular Fractures on Case Hardened Surface
(FF013) FF #13 Nomogram for Determining ASTM Grain Size
(FF014) FF #14 Fastener Failure Analysis
Intergranular Fracture of a Ductile Low-Carbon Steel Fastener
(FF015) FF #15 Fastener Failure Analysis
Improper Choice of Stainless Steel for Pins
(FF016) FF #16 Fastener Failure Analysis
Rolled Threads and Hydrogen Embrittlement
(FF017) FF #17 Fastener Failure Analysis
Rising Load Identifies Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated Fasteners
(FF018) FF #18 Fastener Failure Analysis
Optical and SEM examination identifies cause of Bolt Failure
(FF019) FF #19 Fastener Failure Analysis
Evaluating the effects of Processing and the Environment on Screws Using Accelerated LRA RSL-B SCC Test System
(FF020) FF #20 Fastener Failure Analysis
Difference of Coating on SCC of Fastener Under Service Conditions
(FF021) FF #21 Brass Nut Failure Analysis
(FF022) FF #22 Head Failure in tension Bolt
(FF023) FF #23 Optimization of Damage Tolerance of Fasteners to Hydrogen Embrittlement
(FF024) FF #24 Rising step load Accurately Identifies Potential for Hydrogen Embrittlement
Part 1
(FF025) FF #25 Rising step load Accurately Identifies Potential for Hydrogen Embrittlement
Part 2
(FF026) FF #26 Rising step load Accurately Identifies Potential for Hydrogen Embrittlement
Part 3
(FF027) FF #27 Rising Step Load Accurately Identifies Effectiveness of Hydrogen Relief Treatments on Embrittlement due to Zinc Phosphate
(FF028) FF #28 Notch Effects in Fasteners
(FF029) FF #29 Failure Analysis
of Front Axle Rod Bracket and U-bolts
(FF030) FF #30 Quantifying Plating Baths
Relative to Hydrogen Embrittlement
(FF031) FF #31 Similarities/Difference Between Hydrogen Embrittlement and Stress Corrosion Cracking
(FF032) FF #32 Fastener Failure Analysis
Identifying the Source of Hydrogen in M10 Fasteners Using the Rising Step Load (RSL™) Accelerated Testing Technique
(FF033) FF #33 Hydrogen Susceptibility Ratio-HSR
A Method of Identifying if lots of Fasteners are Susceptible to Hydrogen Stress Cracking Induced by Processing and or the Environment Prior to their Use
(FF034) FF #34 Hydrogen Uptake Distribution From Barrel Electrodeposited Zinc
Using ASTM F519 Type 1e Test Specimens and ASTM F1624 Protocol
(FF035) FF #35 Fastener Failure Analysis
In-service Failure Mechanism for Case Hardened M6 Fasteners is Duplicated Using the Rising Step Load (RSL™) Accelerated Testing Technique
(FF036) FF #36 Selection of a Coating for Hydrogen Sensitive Products Based on Rising Step Load (RSL™) Accelerated Testing Results
(FF037) FF #37 Selection of Baking Time and Temperature
Baking Parameters Identified for Thin Dense Chrome Plating Process Using Rising Step Load (RSL™) Accelerated testing Protocol
(FF038) FF #38 Fastener System Design and Analysis
KIscc of Zinc Plated Alloy Steel Determined Using Rising Step Load (RSL™) Accelerated Testing Protocol
(FF039) FF #39 Process Control Verification to Prevent IHE in Plated or Coated Fasteners
(FF040) FF #40 Fastener System Design and Analysis
Coating System Selection Based Upon KIscc of an Alloy Steel Determined Using Rising Step Load (RSL™) Accelerated Testing Protocol
(FF041) FF #41 Hydrogen Assisted Stress Cracking in Fasteners
The Required Three Elements for Cracking
(FF042) FF #42 Stainless Steel Washer Failure Analysis
Root cause of Failure Identified Using Rising Step Load (RSL™) Accelerated Testing Protocol
(FF043) FF #43 ASTM F1940
Standard Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent IHE in Plated or Coated Fasteners
(FF044) FF #44 Threshold Stress
Fracture Morphology Relationship in M10-1.5 Socket Head Cap Screws
(FF045) FF #45 What is RSL™ Testing is All About
The Quantitive Measurement of Threshold
(FF046) FF #46 Quantitative Measurement of Threshold KIscc as a Function of Hydrogen Concentration
(FF047) FF #47 An Application Guideline for ASTM F1940
Process Control Verification to Prevent IHE in Plated or Coated Fasteners
(FF048) FF #48 Failure Analysis
Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) of Steels Another Intergranular Cracking Mechanism
(FF049) FF #49 Failure Analysis
Effect of Plating Thickness on the Potential for Hydrogen Embrittlement
(FF050) FF #50 Hydrogen Assisted Cracking Threshold
The Role of Hydrogen Concentration
(FF051) FF #51 Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement
The Pitfalls of Using a Soak Pickle of High-Strength Parts
(FF052) FF #52 Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement
How Long Can I Wait Before I Bake an Electroplated Part?
(FF053) FF #53 Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing Part 1
Time-to-Failure/Sustained Load Test (TTF/SLT) What Does it Tell Us About Product Safety?
(FF054) FF #54 Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing Part 2
Time-to-Failure/Sustained Load Test (TTF/SLT) What Does it Tell Us About Product Safety?
(FF055) FF #55 Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing Part 3
Time-to-Failure/Sustained Load Test (TTF/SLT) What Does it Tell Us About Product Safety?
(FF056) FF #56 Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing Part 4
Time-to-Failure/Sustained Load Test (TTF/SLT) What Does it Tell Us About Product Safety?

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